돛단배

http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/U/UART.html

Pronounced u-art, and short for universal asynchronous receiver-transmitter, the UART is a computer component that handles asynchronous serial communication. Every computer contains a UART to manage the serial ports, and some internal modems have their own UART.

As modems have become increasingly fast, the UART has come under greater scrutiny as the cause of transmission bottlenecks. If you are purchasing a fast external modem, make sure that the computer's UART can handle the modem's maximum transmission rate. The newer 16550 UART contains a 16-byte buffer, enabling it to support higher transmission rates than the older 8250 UART.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UART

a piece of computer hardware that translates data between parallel and serial forms.

A UART is usually an individual (or part of an) integrated circuit used for serial communications over a computer or peripheral device serial port. UARTs are now commonly included in microcontrollers.

http://terms.empas.com/dicsearch/view.html?i=3006728

범용 비동기화 송수신기 (汎用非同期化送受信機)
컴퓨터의 비동기 직렬 통신을 처리하는 프로그램. 보통 마이크로칩으로 실현되며, RS-232C DTE 인터페이스를 제공하여, 모뎀이나 기타 다른 직렬 장치들과 통신하거나 데이터를 주고받을 수 있게 한다. UART는 병렬 데이터를 직렬 비트 스트림으로 변환, 또는 복원하고, 패리티 비트를 추가하거나 패리티를 검출, 제거하며, 비동기 통신을 위해 시작 비트와 정지 비트를 추구하고 삭제하는 기능들을 수행한다. 또한, UART 직렬 통신 측의 속도와 중앙 처리 장치(CPU) 속도에는 큰 차이가 있어 완충기(buffer)를 내장하기도 한다.

Memory
Bootloader


Reset Button
ATmega8


Microprocessor


Arduino API (Programming)




sound
Frequency <=> Time





조교
권아름   arum.kwon(at)gmail.com
석근국   kg.seok(at)hmail.com
SADI 제품디자인과

DIY Arduino Digital Music Instruments
http://nabiworks.tistory.com


David Cuartielles
Arduino 개발자이자 미디어 아티스트
Arduino 확장보드 개발
현 스웨덴 Malmo University Interaction Design 교수
현 SADI 인터렉션 랩 초청교수
스페인 출신

이종호
SADI 인터랙션 디자인 교수



2007-11-05 5pm @nabi

High is Five

talking about art and technology
- David Cuartielles

> void setup()
the creation of meaningful & beautiful & controversal relationships between us(humans) and artifacts

70s user centered design
80s HCI
90s Ubiquitous Computing
-- interface design (cognitive science)
00s palpable computing
-- physical computing (emotion engineering)

> variables
Arduino:
1) I/O board (hardware)
2) IDE (software)
3) educational method (collaboration)


> void loop
related projects:

Chinese Robotnauts

Involuntary Dance Machine

Goteborg's Science Fair

D. Palacios - Ars Electronica

Power Pilgrims

social bathroom appliance

Alcophone (2004)

DIY - Arduino I/O board 제작하기

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servomechanism

servo, is a device used to provide control of a desired operation through the use of feedback. 

servomechanism |ˈsərvōˌmekəˌnizəm| |ˈsərvoʊˌmɛkəˌnɪzəm|
noun
a powered mechanism producing motion or forces at a higher level of energy than the input level, e.g., in the brakes and steering of large motor vehicles, esp. where feedback is employed to make the control automatic.

http://www.seattlerobotics.org/guide/servos.html

A Servo is a small device that has an output shaft. This shaft can be positioned to specific angular positions by sending the servo a coded signal. As long as the coded signal exists on the input line, the servo will maintain the angular position of the shaft. As the coded signal changes, the angular position of the shaft changes.

http://www.openservo.com

http://www.societyofrobots.com/actuators_servos.shtml

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_motor

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_theory

PWM = Pulse-width modulation

RC servos

: The servo is controlled by three wires: ground (black/orange), power (red) and control (brown/other colour) and will move based on the pulses sent over the control wire. The servo expects a pulse every 20 ms, or 0.02 s in order to gain correct information about the angle. The width of the servo pulse dictates the range of the servo's angular motion.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_control

http://www.rane.com/par-s.html#servo_loopservo-loop; servo-locked loop; servo-mechanism A self-regulating feedback system or mechanism. Typically a feedback system consisting of a sensing element, an amplifier, and a (servo)motor, used in the automatic control of a mechanical device (such as a loudspeaker). In audio, usually the name applies to a class of electronic control circuits comprised of an amplifier and a feedback path from the output signal that is compared with a reference signal. This topology creates an error signal that is the difference between the reference and the output signal. The error signal causes the output to do whatever is necessary to reduce the error to zero. A loudspeaker system with motional feedback is such a system. A sensor is attached to the speaker cone and provides a feedback signal that is compared against the driving signal to create more accurate control of the loudspeaker. Another example is Rane's servo-locked limiter™ which is an audio peak limiter circuit where the output is compared against a reference signal (the threshold setting) creating an error signal that reduces the gain of the circuit until the error is zero.

김범준  
sanjuro1@naver.com

한빛미디어(주)
http://hanbitbook.co.kr
http://brain.hanbitbook.co.kr

뇌를 자극하는 하드웨어 입문 : 만들면서 이해한다
http://brain.hanbitbook.co.kr/hardware/



예제  source Folder


 7805 레귤레이터
불규칙한 전압의 흔들림을 없애고 고정시킨다.

 74LS02
NOR 게이트를 포함하는 IC

 74LS04
NOT 게이트를 포함하는 IC

 74LS32
OR 게이트를 포함하는 IC

 FND507 디스플레이
7 세그컨트 LED의 한 종류.
전자 회로에서 숫자를 표현하는 데 사용된다.
내부는 여러 개의 LED로 구성되어 있다.

74LS47
데이터를 입력 받아 7 세그먼트 LED에 데이터를 숫자로 나타내 주는 IC

 74LS374
D 플립플롭 8개가 포함되어 있는 IC

 Dip 스위치
여러 개의 슬라이드 스위치로 구성되어 있으며, 데이터를 입력할 때 사용된다.

 시리얼 통신 커넥터
RS232 통신에서 사용되며, 커넥터와 전선을 이용하여 케이블을 만들 수 있다.

 MAX232 IC
PC와 AVR CPU가 RS232 통신을 할 때 서로의 전압을 맞추어 주는 IC

 74HC573
AVR CPU에 외부 메모리를 접속할 때 어드레스를 정하는 데 사용되는 디코더 IC

 ATmega162 CPU
Atmel 사에서 제조하는 AVR CPU.
내부에 플래쉬 메모리와 RAM이 내장되어 있어, 원 칩으로 프로그램을 구동시킬 수 있다.

 크리스탈
AVR CPU에 클럭을 공급하는 부품

 6264 SRAM
 AVR CPU의 외부 메모리로 사용가능


 LED
= Light Emitting Diode 발광 다이오드
: 두 가지 이상의 화학물질의 혼합물에 전류를 투입하여 반응을 일으켜 발광시키는 소자
- 알루미늄, 인듐, 갈륨, 비소 등의 조합.
-> 각 조합에 따라 빨강, 노랑, 초록 등의 색을 발함


 chip
DIP-Type / SMD-Type

ref.
Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA) : http://www.eia.org/

Paul Horowitz, The Art of Electronics, 2nd Edition
Harvard University, Massachusetts, Winfield Hill
http://www.artofelectronics.com/
http://www.cambridge.org/us/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521370957

http://www.discovercircuits.com/

http://www.elecdesign.com/

http://www.eepn.com/

http://www.planetee.com/search/

to shop
http://www.digikey.com/

http://kitkorea.com/

http://www.ti.com


sensor
Sensors are devices that allow the board to acquire information from the surrounding environment (temperature, light, distance to an object etc.).

Manufacturers:
http://www.discovercircuits.com/resources/part-co/sensors.html#Position%20Sensors

actuator
Actuators are devices that allow the board to create changes (responses) in the physical world (light, movement, temperature, etc.) making possible to create all kinds of interactive artifacts.




 resistor

     color code

http://www.goldpt.com/rstrcode.html



1) http://www.lalena.com/audio/electronics/color/
http://www.lalena.com/audio/electronics/color/colorCode.gif


2) The Standard EIA Color Code Table per EIA-RS-279 is as follows
: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistor
: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_colour_code

3) Resistor color code calculator
: http://www.okaphone.nl/calc/resistor.shtml
: http://www.ese.upenn.edu/rca/calcjs.html


 regulator 레귤레이터
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage_regulator


 LED 발광 다이오드
= Light Emitting Diode
두 가지 이상의 화합물에 전류를 투입하여 반응을 이르켜 발광시키는 소자

     Diode
http://ourworld.cs.com/gknott5413/elect12.htm

 PWM
= Power Width Modulation

USN = Ubiquitous Sensor Network

(cf. http://octacomm.net/)

ZigBee

 Pioneered by Philips Semiconductors, ZigBee is a low data rate, two-way standard for home automation and data networks. The standard originates from the Firefly Working Group and provides a specification for up to 254 nodes including one master, managed from a single remote control. Real usage examples of ZigBee includes home automation tasks such as turning lights on, turn up the heat, setting the home security system, or starting the VCR. With ZigBee all these tasks can be done from anywhere in the home at the touch of a button. ZigBee also allows for dial-in access via the Internet for automation control.

The ZigBee standard uses small very low-power devices to connect together to form a wireless control web. A ZigBee network is capable of supporting up to 254 client nodes plus one full functional device (master). ZigBee protocol is optimized for very long battery life measured in months to years from inexpensive, off-the-shelf non-rechargeable batteries, and can control lighting, air conditioning and heating, smoke and fire alarms, and other security devices. The standard supports 2.4 GHz (worldwide), 868 MHz (Europe) and 915 MHz (Americas) unlicensed radio bands with range up to 75 meters. 

(ref.  Philips Semiconductors Protocols - ZigBee)

 

SNMP = simple network management protocol 간이 망 관리 프로토콜

: a set of protocols for managing complex networks. The first versions of SNMP were developed in the early 80s. SNMP works by sending messages, called protocol data units (PDUs), to different parts of a network. SNMP-compliant devices, called agents, store data about themselves in Management Information Bases (MIBs) and return this data to the SNMP requesters.

(1) TCP/IP의 망 관리 프로토콜(RFC 1157). 라우터(router)나 허브(hub) 등 망 기기(network agent)의 망 관리 정보를 망 관리 시스템에 보내는 데 사용되는 표준 통신 규약으로 채용되었다. TCP/IP의 게이트웨이 관리 프로토콜(SGMP:simple gateway management protocol)을 바탕으로 개발되었으며, 개방형 시스템 간 상호 접속(OSI)의 망 공통 관리 정보 프로토콜 (CMIP)에 대응한다. 요구와 응답의 2가지 기능을 사용하여 망 관리 정보를 수집, 관리한다. 1988년에 RFC 1157로 간이 망 관리 프로토콜(SNMP) 표준이 발표되었으며, 1991년에 개정판인 SNMP2가 개발되어 SNMP2에 대응하는 제품도 판매되고 있다.
(2) SNMP와 밀접한 관계가 있는 망 관리 정보 베이스(MIB)의 총칭.

router

IPv6 = Internet protocol version 6
is designed as an evolutionary upgrade to the Internet Protocol and will, in fact, coexist with the older IPv4 for some time. IPv6 is designed to allow the Internet to grow steadily, both in terms of the number of hosts connected and the total amount of data traffic transmitted.
IP 주소 공간을 128비트로 늘려, 망 확장성이 더욱 향상된 것이 특징이며 IPng(차세대 인터넷 통신 규약)라고도 한다. 

WDM = wavelength division multiplexing 파장 분할 다중 방식

CDMA

HPI = human performance times 인간 성능 시간

sensor web / web of sensor

 The Sensor Web is a new type of Geographical Information System (GIS) that can be embedded into an environment to monitor and control it.

ref.
http://sensorwebs.jpl.nasa.gov/

http://sensorweb.mit.edu/

http://www.sensorsportal.com/HTML/Sensor.htm